Into the eighties of the last century, China's rapid economic growth, but also paid a heavy drain on resources and environmental costs of economic development and resources and the environment has become increasingly acute contradictions, which is relatively low efficiency of resource use in China are closely related. The above problems has seriously hampered the development of China's future need to under the guidance of scientific concept of development through the development of circular economy and other means. International and domestic experience has shown that the development of recycling economy is of great significance: First, open up new economic development resources; Second, it could effectively reduce the emission of pollutants; 3 is conducive to enhancing economic efficiency. Wood preservation, primarily through preservation of timber, dry, fire-retardant and modified the use of wood such as improving the performance, to extend the period of use of wood and its products, saving and rational use of timber resources, to build a resource-saving society and environment-friendly society, to protect of forest resources to improve the ecological environment, and has practical significance.
"Eleventh Five-Year" period, China established the building of saving and environment-friendly society, the development of sustainable, circular economy goals by the end of 2005, the State Council transmitted the National Development and Reform Commission and other 12 government departments "on the economy and accelerating timber alternative views of work "(SCS 〔2005〕 58 Man), raised in 2010, preservation of timber in the gross domestic product had risen to about 5% of timber production, calling for wood protection technology, the use of wood products to extend the deadline. To encourage wood preservation, pest control (ants), mildew, dry, fire-retardant, modified other protective treatment, wood preservation works to implement the goals and tasks. Therefore, the protection of China's modern timber industry from scratch, developing rapidly, which is oriented national economic development has a direct bearing on the policy level. On the other hand, there is a growing emphasis on the pursuit of the modern living environment comfortable, warm, or a human face. The timber posed by the local environment, then the closest to nature, in line with the pursuit of human nature. Major cities in economically developed and the rise of wooden houses and villas, is one of the most obvious example. The wood used in outdoor and as a landscape to be embalmed before more economical, more durable, safer, more economical, and raise the level of national consumption, consumer attitudes changed.
1, China's timber industry to protect the status quo
Wood preservation, especially in China began its long history of wood preservation, but the CCA, ACQ-type water-borne wood preservatives, wood modification and other new technologies, new technology research and application of less than 10 years, wood preservation industry has gradually become a the emerging sunrise industries. In recent months, wood savings and Development Center has visited Beijing, Sichuan, Anhui, Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Jilin, Zhejiang and other provinces, select the key enterprises in wood preservation industry, conducted a special investigation and research, in-depth understanding of wood preservation industry, production, technical conditions, especially for the global financial crisis, the impact of the industry, and market operation, etc., this study also provides the basis for relevant policy support.
(A) increase the number of enterprises, the production scale.
At present, China engaged in wood preservation, drying, flame-retardant, modified production and operation of wood preservation and other businesses have more than 1000, including wood preservation manufacturing enterprises before the year 2000 from more than 30, grown to more than 340, annual production capacity of anti-corrosion Wood has more than 600 million cubic meters. Past two years, annually to the community to provide more than 2 million cubic meters of timber corrosion, according to the use of wood to extend the period of 3 - 8 times the estimate annual savings of at least 10 million cubic meters of timber.
Production conditions from the enterprise perspective, 2000 years ago, in addition to the Ministry of Railways-owned state-owned wood-preserving plant eight facilities relatively complete, some private wood preservation companies have not made any fixed facilities and independent production workshop, plant covers an area of nothing but 10 acres. In recent years, as business development, many enterprises, such as the Shanghai Grand different Wood Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai is Hill Wood Structural Engineering Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Zhuang corrosion Material Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Dongyuan Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Wuhu new Bo Ding Building Materials Co., Ltd., Dongguan Rui and anti-corrosion Wood Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Sheng Feng Wood Industry Co., Ltd., Suzhou Heng landscape in regal Wood Co., Ltd., Changchun New Sunshine anti-corrosion Wood Co., Ltd., Shanghai Wood Industry Co., Ltd., a group wave of hair wood-preserving enterprises have been built or are building new factories, production scale and product variety are not less than an increase.
(B) the level of technology to improve product application scope.
China's research institutes and some of the manufacturers of wood protection products for new wood preservatives, wood pest control (ants) agent, flame retardant wood made significant progress in technology research and development level, corrosion of timber, fire-retardant wood, modified wood (including charring wood) production equipment continuously improve the level of automation, wood protection product application scope expanded. Mary Rose Wood Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Shanghai Grand different Wood Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Tianhe Xinkai Wood Preservation Plant, Sichuan, Rosen Wood Preservation Technology Co., Ltd., Yingtan Kay McCormick Protection Co., Ltd., a number of timber enterprises in the new wood-preserving Agent research and development have invested a lot of manpower and financial resources, has made some new results. At present, the corrosion of timber, fire-retardant wood, modified wood (including charcoal wood) and other new types of wood protection products have been increasingly used in building wooden structures, landscape, furniture, doors and windows, in which timber has been applied to the Olympic Games and anti-corrosion World Expo and other national key projects.
(C) expanded market demand.
After China's accession to WTO, a large number of foreign countries poured antiseptic wood products abroad, followed some of the advanced anti-corrosion technology and the ensuing anti-corrosion equipment, making clear China's wood industry feel the difference with the international standards, corrosion on the use of wood products economy, durability, safety and practicality. Although at the time cost of the investment should be higher, but because of its long life, while reducing future maintenance costs, replacement costs and the resulting hidden losses (as a result of repairs have to move or lockout suspension, etc.). Therefore, the anti-corrosion wood products in construction and the use of life is gaining in popularity. Modern architecture, as well as home life coverage of the use of corrosion of timber has increased. Such as the Beijing Olympic venues, as well as a large number of cities (including developed regions, rural areas) and external environment of modern household use wooden sidewalks, fences, stairs, handrails, corridors, bridges, etc., and even outdoor wooden floors, wooden furniture have appeared in large numbers. All of these practical needs, both the composition and increased demand for wood products on the corrosion intensity.
Second, in order to promote industrial development in wood preservation, wood work done to save and Development Center
Center to promote the development of the work of wood saving and substitution, focusing on organizations from the industry, regulations and standards research, product quality supervision and inspection, personnel training, technical exchange of experience, education, demonstration and promotion, and has done a lot of work. Has embarked on a wood saving and substitution policies, development planning and standards of research and drafting. Also invited the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Malaysia, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Germany, France and other countries of the timber protection experts, and international research organizations, wood preservation officials to China to conduct technical exchanges and seminars. Wood Preservation Organization of Chinese entrepreneurs to go to New Zealand, Australia and the United States to conduct investigations. It is these work, to promote and guide our country's wood saving and substitution of wood industries, especially wood preservation industry, rapid and healthy development.
(A) to accelerate the standardization, the standard system is taking shape.
2000 years ago, our country in wood drying, wood fire-retardant, preservation of timber and other wood protection standards for small, particularly in wood preservation standards of less. At the National Institute of Standards Committee, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of housing and other relevant departments to build strong support, attention to wood protection standards system, the Center has initiated an alternative standard of timber to save the child protection system and standard system of China's commercial timber frame. Standard system of wood preservation in China were included in the state "2005 - 2007 resource-saving and comprehensive utilization of the standard development planning" and "resource-saving and comprehensive utilization of the 2008-2010 standards development plan." At present, the timber conservation and Development Center has organized and completed more than 30 timber to protect national standard (industry standard) in the drafting of which "marks the commercial timber and its products", "water-based preservatives and flame retardants contained in the determination of major components," , "anti-corrosion chemical analysis of wood ashes before the wet method," "copper-ammonia (amine) quaternary ammonium (ACQ) wood preservative," "copper chromium arsenic (CCA) wood preservative," "vacuum and (or) pressure Dip Note (processing) units with wood-preserving facilities, "" copper yl-B-type (CA-B) wood preservatives, "" copper yl-A-type (CBA-A) wood preservatives, "" wood preservation equipment unit " , "antiseptic timber", "Wood protection and management standards," "antiseptic timber production norms", "wood preservation plant safety, plant design specifications, Part 1", "wood preservation plant safety standards Part 2 Operation" and other part of the standard has been promulgated or the forthcoming implementation of the validation by experts.
In June 2008, housing construction Department has also approved a timber to save and Development Center's "antiseptic timber engineering application technical specifications" project construction of national standards, and asked me to center is responsible for organizing the drafting. So far, China's system of wood protection standards on the basic shape, enterprise scale-free void of any legal situation will be radically changed. With the promulgation and implementation of these standards, China's wood protection industry, including raw materials, equipment, products, testing and other standards, including standard system will be initially set up. In order to do a good job "planning" to determine the standard work in 2006, we hired a 32-bit timber protection industry experts set up a national conservation and substitution of wood timber protection standards Advisory Group of Experts Working Committee.
(B) Quality Supervision and Inspection System has been established quality control measures be improved.
In view of most of China's wood-preserving enterprises without their own means of quality control laboratory and the status quo. In 2004, the timber to save development centers in the strong support of the State Council, the SASAC, in Beijing, started the first company specializing in wood protection product quality testing laboratories - China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing Quality Supervision, Inspection and testing of wood protection center. The laboratory has obtained accreditation in 2007 marked CMA-oriented community with wood preservatives, anti-corrosion protection of timber and other wood products, the quality of testing services. At present wood-preserving enterprises, such as Dongguan, Mary Rose Wood Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Grand different Wood Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Dongyuan Investment and Development Co., Ltd., also a product quality testing laboratories. From 2008 China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Wood Protection Center antiseptic timber for inspection and sampling test results of samples situation, the key enterprises for inspection pass rate of up to 90% passing rate of sampling up to 80%. It can be said of wood protection products quality control measures be improved.
(C) research and development has started.
In recent years, wood savings and Development Center has identified more than 20 special wood preservation research and demonstration projects related to wood preservation projects for more than 10 months. Was also selected Northeast Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Nanjing Forestry University, Central South Forestry University of Technology, four institutions in the protection of China's scientific research base of timber, Mary Rose Wood Protection Technology Co., Ltd. as the preservation of timber piles buried in the field experiment base.
(D) Recommended brands industry self-regulation.
To set a wood preservation industry, the brand, strengthen industrial self-discipline, standardize the order of market circulation of wood protection products, wood protection products to maintain production, management, the interests of consumers to carry out the 2006 "China's timber industry to protect well-known brand enterprise" selection event. Be held in Xiamen, "in 2006 to protect China's timber industry, and the Third Annual China International Wood Protection Technology (Product) Exchange Council" for the 16 won the 2006 Chinese wood preservation industry, well-known brands awarded medals and certificates. Well-known brands to the joint declaration, after a public notice in the industry had a positive impact to some extent played the role of industry self-regulation, in order to ensure the business of timber protection products and service quality, protection of the national timber industry to establish product quality and excellent after sale provide excellent services industry brand, accept social supervision, maintaining the lawful rights and interests of consumers, promoting the protection of China's timber industry, sustainable and healthy development.
(5) Industry publicity and education efforts to increase, raise the degree of social cognition.
In order to expand trade promotion, wood conservation founded the China Development Center Network and wood preservation "China's Wood Protection" magazine in 2007, the center co-founded the newspaper with the Chinese building materials of "China's building materials reported" "section of material on behalf of the wood," special editions in which At least one version of each month for the timber to protect Zhuanban. At the same time, many timber to protect enterprises have also successively established their own websites or web pages. Through a variety of advocacy, wood protection, increasing social awareness.
(Vi) for the conduct of industry training, improve the overall quality of employees, employing the skills.
Timber Conservation and Development Center in 2005 to the Ministry of Labor and Social Security on the establishment of wood-preserving the country's new professional division proposal. In April 2006, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security Wood Preservation formally established as the country's new professional division, post the implementation of the "Wood Preservation Division new national occupational standards." Timber Conservation and Development Center to build "national wood protection technology development and training base," has also been completed in Beijing. Wood Preservation Division of new jobs the completion of the identification and training base for the conduct of industry training, improve the overall quality of employees created the basic conditions.
(Vii) To strengthen international technical exchanges and cooperation.
In order to strengthen the international exchange of wood protection technology, the Center on April 26, 2006, formally established in Sweden, International Tropical Timber Protection Research Organization (IRG) Secretariat to host the 2009 International Tropical Timber Protection Research Organization Annual Meeting and the World Conservation Congress of the wood application, and obtained June 18, 2006 -22 days held in Tromsø, Norway, the thirty-seventh session of the International Tropical Timber Protection Research Organization approved by the annual plenary session. Successful bid to host the "2009 International Timber Protection 40th Annual Meeting Research Organization and the World Conservation Congress of wood," and held in Beijing, as scheduled.
Wood Preservation in order to learn from foreign technology and management experience, the expansion of international technical cooperation, the lead organization of the "China Wood Preservation delegation" line 11, in March 2007 went to New Zealand, Australia the two countries on wood preservation technology and automated production equipment and wood preservation industry associations work carried out site visits. Through the visits and exchanges, so that all members of the delegation inspired, especially on foreign trade in wood preservation technology and management experience with the gap between the domestic deep.
Third, the protection of China's timber industry, the problems and difficulties in
China's timber resources are scarce, resources and the total amount of per capita volume below the world average, the per capita forest area is 1.9 acres, only in the world per capita consumption of 1 / 5, the forest coverage rate is only equivalent to the world average of 3 / 5 . China is now the total wood consumption exceeds more than 300 million cubic meters (the national timber consumption in 2005 reached 325.7 million cubic meters), in which construction material, agricultural supporting, mining, mine timber, furniture, decorative wood consumption accounted for 2 / 3, These are basically no wood treated with preservatives. It is estimated that embalmed than the untreated wood timber to extend the service life of 5-10 times. At present, China wood preservation for less than 2% of commercial timber production, generally more than 15% foreign, and some countries even as high as 50%. On the one hand China's timber resources are scarce, the other hand, the process of China's use of wood waste is very alarming, these cases do not rise to the relevant government departments and public attention.
Timber Conservation and Development Center through in-depth investigation and research companies to conduct business activities as well as the quality of sampling by experts to participate in research projects related to such aspects as the feedback information and research findings in recent years, China's wood protection industry, the development of both the scale of development or development Speed can be said to be unprecedented, but the problem is also highlighted. Countries have not established a complete set of mandatory timber protection laws, regulations, standards and quality supervision system, the industry is lagging behind. The process of development of the industry there are many problems to be solved, including wood preservation industry as a whole is still in smaller production scale, backward technology, simple equipment, manual operation, degree of automation is not high, the product structure is irrational, the product the same technology (preservative , corrosion-resistant wood products) seriously, product quality, the lack of detection methods, technical staff shortage, inadequate scientific and technological input conditions. Antisepsis companies are not performance standards, safety and environmental protection, quality and lack of control problem is especially serious. Barriers to entry is low, not high-tech, plant design or equipment installation was not standardized, arbitrarily plant, production companies do not have the ability to survive, formal businesses were severely squeezed. Low-quality wood and antiseptic agents disrupt the market. Part of the construction wood structural design, construction, inspection personnel, procurement of commercial timber on the antiseptic standards do not understand, a look at the color of anti-corrosion materials and price, not seeking quality, even the blind selection, project quality compromised. With particular emphasis on that in the CCA preservatives in the manufacturing process of wood treated with preservatives, the use of the process, waste recycling is not done, zero-emission, non-drip liquid zone, not all fixation after the open dumping, or put into use, CCA Pharmacy The loss would be harmful to humans, animals and the environment and pollution. These issues to the protection of industrial wood have adverse consequences, affecting their health, development, and must be resolved.
4, preservation of timber marks the establishment of Professional Committee of wood preservation industry to a new level of management
In order to implement SCS 〔2005〕 No. 58 "On further advance the work of wood saving and substitution notice" spirit of the document
As soon as possible preservation of timber production and management, research and teaching units or professionals to organize themselves, to enhance technological exchanges and cooperation, and strengthen industry self-regulation, improvement of timber corrosion product quality, standardize the market order, protecting the environment and personal safety, promoting China's science and wood preservation industry, development and enhance wood preservation international competitiveness of enterprises, through the wood to save and Development Center in consultation with the China Timber Circulation Association, in 2008 to the relevant authorities proposed the establishment of China Timber Circulation Professional Committee of Wood Preservation Association, the application has been China Logistics and Purchasing Federation and the strong support of the SASAC, Ministry of Civil Affairs on January 8, 2009 formally approved the establishment of China Timber Circulation Association and Wood Products Wood Preservation Professional Committee (Democratic Socialist Gordon 〔2009〕 No. 1049).
(A) Wood Preservation Professional Committee's composition. The Professional Committee is mainly engaged in various economic sectors antiseptic of wood and wood preservatives and wood preservation equipment production, processing, distribution, technology, education, enterprises, institutions or individuals voluntarily to combine cross-sectoral, cross-sectoral, non-profit national social organizations of the Chinese Association for timber and wood products distribution branch, the Secretariat is located in the timber to save development centers.
(B) The purpose of wood-preserving professional committees. The People's Republic of China is to abide by the Constitution, laws, regulations and national policies, to comply with social ethics. Faithfully safeguard the common interests of member companies, dedicated to the industry services for the business services for government services, for social services, efforts to promote wood preservation industrial development and technological progress to promote corrosion of timber and its products in the construction, gardening, packaging, road and bridges, coal mines and other fields of applications, improve the comprehensive utilization of timber, conservation and rational use of timber resources, and promoting China's economic and social sustainable development.
Fifth, promote the protection of China's timber industry views on
China's wood preservation industry, from production scale, technology level, product quality, quality of personnel, research capacity, inspection, and security aspects of environmental protection, there is a large gap compared with developed countries, according to the present technical level and pace of development, to achieve set by our government about 5% of development goals, an arduous task. To promote the healthy development of China's wood preservation industry, focusing on the following areas of work:
(A) to collect, investigate the basic situation of wood preservation industry, research and discuss the wood preservation and development direction of enterprise reform and put forward wood preservation industry, improvements and development proposals.
(B) to the relevant government departments to reflect the views of members and requirements to assist the Government to implement and carry out the wood-preserving relevant policies and regulations, strengthen coordination to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of member units for businesses and the Government to prepare two-way services. Timber Conservation and Development Center is commissioned by the National Development and Reform Commission to carry out the conservation status of China's timber and policy case studies. We will truly reflect the development of the industry status quo and put forward specific policy recommendations in line with development of the industry.
(C) to speed up quality supervision system, standardize market order. Established in line with China's actual conditions of timber protection products quality control system, due to wood preservation products related to human health and environmental protection, we recommend the early implementation of mandatory product labeling system and product certification system. Through national monitoring checks and industry checks, corporate self-test, commission check, etc., to enhance the quality of supervision and management of timber protection products. National quality inspection, industrial and commercial, business, construction and other relevant departments to protect wood products, especially wood preservation products into the market focus on scope of regulation. We should give full play to the existing timber to protect the role of product quality and professional testing organizations, and strengthen protection products on the market of timber quality control testing, to reduce or avoid fake wood protection products entering the market. Timber Conservation and Development Center-owned China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing Quality Supervision and Inspection of wood to protect testing center will also coordinate with the national authorities to carry out spot checks the quality of the activities of timber protection products. Organizations to develop, modify, implement all kinds of guild regulations in the industry, line about to establish industry self-discipline mechanism to standardize industry practices, improve the overall quality of the industry.
Into the eighties of the last century, China's rapid economic growth, but also paid a heavy drain on resources and environmental costs of economic development and resources and the environment has become increasingly acute contradictions, which is relatively low efficiency of resource use in China are closely related. The above problems has seriously hampered the development of China's future need to under the guidance of scientific concept of development through the development of circular economy and other means. International and domestic experience has shown that the development of recycling economy is of great significance: First, open up new economic development resources; Second, it could effectively reduce the emission of pollutants; 3 is conducive to enhancing economic efficiency. Wood preservation, primarily through preservation of timber, dry, fire-retardant and modified the use of wood such as improving the performance, to extend the period of use of wood and its products, saving and rational use of timber resources, to build a resource-saving society and environment-friendly society, to protect of forest resources to improve the ecological environment, and has practical significance.
"Eleventh Five-Year" period, China established the building of saving and environment-friendly society, the development of sustainable, circular economy goals by the end of 2005, the State Council transmitted the National Development and Reform Commission and other 12 government departments "on the economy and accelerating timber alternative views of work "(SCS 〔2005〕 58 Man), raised in 2010, preservation of timber in the gross domestic product had risen to about 5% of timber production, calling for wood protection technology, the use of wood products to extend the deadline. To encourage wood preservation, pest control (ants), mildew, dry, fire-retardant, modified other protective treatment, wood preservation works to implement the goals and tasks. Therefore, the protection of China's modern timber industry from scratch, developing rapidly, which is oriented national economic development has a direct bearing on the policy level. On the other hand, there is a growing emphasis on the pursuit of the modern living environment comfortable, warm, or a human face. The timber posed by the local environment, then the closest to nature, in line with the pursuit of human nature. Major cities in economically developed and the rise of wooden houses and villas, is one of the most obvious example. The wood used in outdoor and as a landscape to be embalmed before more economical, more durable, safer, more economical, and raise the level of national consumption, consumer attitudes changed.
1, China's timber industry to protect the status quo
Wood preservation, especially in China began its long history of wood preservation, but the CCA, ACQ-type water-borne wood preservatives, wood modification and other new technologies, new technology research and application of less than 10 years, wood preservation industry has gradually become a the emerging sunrise industries. In recent months, wood savings and Development Center has visited Beijing, Sichuan, Anhui, Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Jilin, Zhejiang and other provinces, select the key enterprises in wood preservation industry, conducted a special investigation and research, in-depth understanding of wood preservation industry, production, technical conditions, especially for the global financial crisis, the impact of the industry, and market operation, etc., this study also provides the basis for relevant policy support.
(A) increase the number of enterprises, the production scale.
At present, China engaged in wood preservation, drying, flame-retardant, modified production and operation of wood preservation and other businesses have more than 1000, including wood preservation manufacturing enterprises before the year 2000 from more than 30, grown to more than 340, annual production capacity of anti-corrosion Wood has more than 600 million cubic meters. Past two years, annually to the community to provide more than 2 million cubic meters of timber corrosion, according to the use of wood to extend the period of 3 - 8 times the estimate annual savings of at least 10 million cubic meters of timber.
Production conditions from the enterprise perspective, 2000 years ago, in addition to the Ministry of Railways-owned state-owned wood-preserving plant eight facilities relatively complete, some private wood preservation companies have not made any fixed facilities and independent production workshop, plant covers an area of nothing but 10 acres. In recent years, as business development, many enterprises, such as the Shanghai Grand different Wood Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai is Hill Wood Structural Engineering Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Zhuang corrosion Material Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Dongyuan Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Wuhu new Bo Ding Building Materials Co., Ltd., Dongguan Rui and anti-corrosion Wood Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Sheng Feng Wood Industry Co., Ltd., Suzhou Heng landscape in regal Wood Co., Ltd., Changchun New Sunshine anti-corrosion Wood Co., Ltd., Shanghai Wood Industry Co., Ltd., a group wave of hair wood-preserving enterprises have been built or are building new factories, production scale and product variety are not less than an increase.
(B) the level of technology to improve product application scope.
China's research institutes and some of the manufacturers of wood protection products for new wood preservatives, wood pest control (ants) agent, flame retardant wood made significant progress in technology research and development level, corrosion of timber, fire-retardant wood, modified wood (including charring wood) production equipment continuously improve the level of automation, wood protection product application scope expanded. Mary Rose Wood Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Shanghai Grand different Wood Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Tianhe Xinkai Wood Preservation Plant, Sichuan, Rosen Wood Preservation Technology Co., Ltd., Yingtan Kay McCormick Protection Co., Ltd., a number of timber enterprises in the new wood-preserving Agent research and development have invested a lot of manpower and financial resources, has made some new results. At present, the corrosion of timber, fire-retardant wood, modified wood (including charcoal wood) and other new types of wood protection products have been increasingly used in building wooden structures, landscape, furniture, doors and windows, in which timber has been applied to the Olympic Games and anti-corrosion World Expo and other national key projects.
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