Select wood in ancient China

Characteristics of the Ming dynasty style furniture
For the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty-style furniture, to understand and master, we appreciate the furniture, furniture identification of the conditions that must exist. The Ming Dynasty-style furniture features careful analysis of the following four points:
1. Concise style, to the main line
A strict proportional relationship is the basis of the shape of furniture. We look at the above chart of the Ming Dynasty furniture, the ratio of its local and partial, decoration and the overall shape of the proportion, are extremely well-balanced and coordinated. Such as chairs, tables and other furniture, its upper and lower, their legs, demands, son, back and fly between the brain, and their height, length, thickness, width, have the impression that impeccably well-balanced and coordinated. And very consistent with the functional requirements, there is no extra drag on the overall feeling is that a combination of lines. Its various components, lines, Jun Cheng upright beauty trend. Hardness and softness, but not quite stiff lines, soft but not weak, showing a concise, simple, elegant, generous beauty.
2. Well-structured, fine workmanship
Ming Dynasty furniture, mortise and tenon structure, a highly scientific nature. Nails do not use less plastic, free from natural conditions, the impact of wet or dry, such as the production side of the practice of using save. In the span between the larger part, inlaid with dental lamina, dental articles, rings mouth, coupons mouth, short old, demands, Overlord, Luo demands, pan, pawl flowers, etc., not only beautiful, but also enhanced robustness. The Ming Dynasty furniture, structural design, is an excellent combination of science and art. Today, after centuries of change, furniture is still solid as ever, showing that the Ming Dynasty furniture, mortise and tenon structure, a high scientific.
3. Decorative moderate, simplified and affordable
Ming Dynasty furniture, decorative techniques, can be said to vary, carving, Lou, inlay, painted, all for use. Decorative timber is also very wide range of enamel, screw Austin, bamboo, teeth, jade, stone, etc., everything does not refuse. However, never biting off more than piling up, or music intended to polish, but according to the overall requirements for the local decorated appropriately. Such as chairs on the back for a small area of the engraved or embedded in the desk case of partial or clamp to impose the old dwarf flowers. Although the decorations have been imposed, but the overall look is still without losing the true qualities of simplicity and handsome; can be described as suitable for decent, icing on the cake.
4. Wood hard, texture and beautiful
From the above picture, it is clear that the Ming Dynasty furniture, wood grain, natural beauty, showing the image of feathers Shoumian such as knee Gansu, it is a endless source of fascination. Make full use of advantages of wood texture to play the natural beauty of hardwood material itself, which is the Ming Dynasty is another prominent characteristic of hardwood furniture. Ming Dynasty furniture, hardwood timber, mostly pear, red sandalwood, Xi ù wood and so on. These advanced hardwood, have the natural beauty of tone and texture. Craftsmen in the production, in addition to suits the Seiko secret agents, while not paint decoration, no large-scale decoration, give full play to take full advantage of wood's own color, texture of expertise, to form their own unique aesthetic, to form their own unique style. This is another characteristic of the Ming Dynasty furniture.
Ming Dynasty-style furniture features sum up, available modeling concise, structured, decorative moderate, texture and beautiful be summed up in four sentences. More than four sentences, it can be said that four characteristics are not exist in isolation, but are linked together to form the characteristic style of the Ming Dynasty furniture. When we look at a piece of furniture to determine whether in the Ming Dynasty furniture, we must first grasp its overall feeling, and then analyze one by one. Look a little is not enough to have only one feature of it is not accurate. These four characteristics are interrelated and mutually exterior, we can say is dispensable. If the piece of furniture, with the previous three characteristics, rather than have the fourth point, he can be sure that it is not the Ming Dynasty furniture. These four characteristics of future generations to imitate the system of furniture, called the Ming style furniture.

Characteristics of the Qing dynasty style furniture
Characteristics of the Qing dynasty style furniture, furniture in the above species, shape, decoration Deng Xiang, the general had been mentioned, now only make a general summary.
Qing Dynasty furniture, after almost three hundred years of history, from the inheritance, evolution, development, and even to form their own independent style, which of course has its unique background and experience, as well as the characteristics of independent existence.
The Qing Dynasty to the development of furniture style matured for "clear type" can be broadly divided into three stages:
The first stage is the early Qing Dynasty Emperor Kangxi to the beginning of this stage whether technological level, or artisan skills, are still a continuation of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, this period style furniture, decoration and so on, or a continuation of the Ming Dynasty furniture. Shape the medium-term does not seem so simple and honest, dignified, decoration does not seem less harassment to the medium-term wealth and timber do not like the medium-term so lavish. Moreover, the early Qing Dynasty was not a shortage of red sandalwood, red sandalwood or using most of the furniture manufacturing. After the mid-red sandalwood have become rare, mostly mahogany instead. Clear initially, as too did not last long, features not obvious, did not leave for more masterpieces of that period are still in the period of the previous-generation successor.
The second stage is the end of Kangxi, after the Yongzheng and Qianlong, to Jiaqing. During this time period of the Qing social and political stability, socio-economic advancement period is historically recognized "Qing Sheng" period. At this stage of the furniture production, but also as social development, people's needs and technological advances, but was thriving, well-developed situation. At this time of the furniture production is not only quantity, but also the formation of the special, different from the characteristics of the previous generation, or call it style. This style features, is the "Qing style furniture" style.
1. Modeling on the simple and honest, dignified
The furniture of this period changed the previous generation of tall and graceful, but for the simple and honest and dignified. Highlighted as the lavish use of materials, size increased, posture fruitful. Master Qing Dynasty style chairs can best reflect the characteristics of the Qing style. It is to increase seat surface, back full, thick legs. The same overall shape is like a majestic throne, solemn. Others, such as tables, case, stool and other furniture can also see these features, just look at sturdy legs, can be ascertained special features.
2. Seek more than decorative, seeking full, rich, gorgeous
Qing Zhongqi furniture features outstanding as the "Qing style furniture" masterpiece. Qing-style furniture, decoration, seeking more than seeking full, seek riches, seek gorgeous. A variety of materials and use a variety of technology integration. Even at a furniture, also used various means and a variety of materials. Carving, inlay, outline in gold and take, Lo Austin, wood and stone and use. At this time furniture, common quintana decoration, there is no gap, to an unprecedented splendid and brilliant. But, have to say, excessive pursuit of decoration, often makes people feel breathless, and sometimes ignore the use function, can not help but compete for the odd bucket too rich.
The third stage is to the end of the Qing dynasty, later. Tao-kuang, China has experienced the history of the Opium War catastrophe, after which the growing socio-economic decline. To-wen, Guang Xu, the socio-economic deterioration. Also, because of foreign capitalist economy, culture and the Church of the input, making China was originally a self-sufficient feudal economic changes, foreign cultures also will be infiltrated into China's territory. The furniture of this period style, is no exception to be affected, changed. We see, now part of the furniture inside the Summer Palace, accepted the most obvious influence from the outside. This situation, as the economy's most prominent ports in Guangdong and widely accepted as furniture, obviously the French architecture and the French furniture of the Rococo influence. The pursuit of women's curves, too much decoration, or even piling up. Wood did not seek noble, to conduct their relatively rough. This chapter also incorporated into several pieces for the purpose of comparison and appreciation.
In short, what we call the Qing style furniture, Naishi that spared Kangxi Yongzheng and Qianlong, as well as the beginning of the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing the mid-mean that it is a flourishing period of the Qing furniture.
During this Golden Age-style furniture, the formation of the Qing rulers did with the wind created by the World Bank. Performance from the nomads, to the magnificent spirit dominating the world, on behalf of the pursuit of beautiful and rich secular style. As the excessive pursuit of luxury, but bring some disadvantages also exist. However, the Qing style furniture, using a variety of materials, and mobilize all means to craft furniture service, which is less than ever the. So we said, Qing style furniture, there are many experiences to talk about, there are many desirable advantages. Its style is unique, is the most powerful proof of this.
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Identification of classical Ming and Qing Furniture
An old Ming and Qing furniture, from the material, year, complete a number of factors, the extent and degree of inspection to determine fine. Factors with an independent judgments are unscientific.
To determine the old furniture material
Can be determined by observing the grain, and some materials - for example, commonly used in Chinese furniture, wings, gall wood, red sandalwood, beech, fir, redwood and Western old and commonly used in furniture, teak, Liu drought, oak, etc., or readily identifiable. Can also be used nail pinch in the dark about, according to hard and soft materials to determine the varieties, you can also weigh about the weight. If you have accumulated certain experience, then the above three methods can be broadly identified the material.
To determine the year of the old furniture
Apart from the material, the year of determining the value of old furniture, an important factor to the fever-level players, this is especially important.
Therefore, the old furniture style and decorations, sure I'm to have a spectrum. It can be estimated by looking at the year in style. Some very peculiar style, the general catalog in no income, we should beware of points. This "monster" of the furniture is likely to climb over the hills.
Is also a way to sniff through the nose. Imitation of the furniture there is a sharp You Qiwei, while the old furniture is not only a kind of stuffy old house smell, Chen Su, or the faint musty, if it is high-quality timber, but also emitting a unique fragrance.
To determine the authenticity of the old furniture
There are several points that must be mastered. Look at the package pulp is a natural. Usually in the user's hand position often touching, there will be naturally formed pack slurry. Package imitation syrup or unnatural, or in a place not often touching also made out.
Two legs of furniture to see whether there are traces of flooding fade and moisture. Humid areas in the south, furniture and general directly placed in the mud, the long time it will happen.
3 look at the bottom of furniture and drawer panels. For example the old table and stuffy household cabinets and so on, floor and drawer panels have not imitated the old gas-Yi Gu. There are painted matte black paint, but no anger. Furthermore look at drawer side, in the side lines should be chamfered to avoid hurting the hand. It is also important to see out tenon, the mortise in the past were parties, and lock the shoot sub-assembled. If you see two round mortise, it shows the machine processing is definitely modeled after.
4 to see grain. Some of the furniture surface will appear uneven wood grain, but read carefully, and if a hard wire brush cleaning out whether the original wood worthy to. Hard rubbing of the wood grain is not always a natural feeling.
5 to see signs of renovation. Some canvas chair in turn, the original circle of chairs will leave the crowded nails eyes, this chair is old. Some rattan side chair, the original rattan surface rot, and will leave the eyes wearing vine son, turned over you can see.
6 to see live pieces of copper. Old furniture, living pieces of copper if it is first wife, and should be hand caress for decades or even centuries to come. Copper surface of live parts, including pages, hinge, hinge, handle, corners, inlaid articles, lock face, and some furniture will be a better choice of materials to create copper-nickel alloy, a long time will be Fanchu faint of silver, it is reveries. Some pieces will be engraved copper live all kinds of patterns, animals, flowers, auspicious characters and so on, fine crafts, is today very difficult to fake like the coppersmith. Some folk charm very strong pattern, it can also distinguish regional customs and modern fashion, to gain valuable cultural information.
Also some pieces of copper live too long, although there is no packet pulp, but it will leave traces of rust, Fan Chu little bit of green rust, or corrosion on the surface like a print edition of the child, as the rugged, these are the identification of the authenticity of old furniture One of the key.
7 look at sculpture. The level of style and sculpture from the study. Furniture production in the past when placed on working hours than wide, craftsmen attitude is also very quiet, carved, rounded nature. Now imitation of furniture, in order to reduce costs, often in a hurry, in the carving on the Luma Jiao will, in the Chinese furniture, round and smooth enough, strong enough side, western border floriation furniture will appear and cut corners. In short, looks a dislike to be careful.

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Ming furniture is in the Song and Yuan furniture based on the well-developed, forming the most representative national style "Ming-style." Ming-style furniture, the place of origin are mainly three: Beijing Royal's "Queen's prison", private production centers in Suzhou and Guangzhou. Ming-style furniture is very rich in species. Retained so far, mainly stool chair class, Jian class, cabinet type, bed collapse categories, bench etc.. There will also be used as a barrier to Wei Ping, table plaque, floor screens and so on. Ming-style furniture, multi-purpose pear, this Tan, chicken wing wood, money, pears and other hardwoods, but also with Phoebe, camphor wood, walnut, elm and other hardwood, of which the pear in the pear the best results. These hardwood color soft, clear and hard but elastic texture. Modeling the structure of this material for furniture, art effects have great impact. As the hard wood surface and flexible, and is more valuable hardwood timber, so furniture was expected to make a small cross-section. To this end, it appears linear modeling concise, tall and straight, and light. As the wood's own color and texture beautiful, so very little application of Ming-style furniture, painted, just rubbed with a transparent wax that can fully display its own texture and natural beauty of wood. Material selection is to design an important part of artistic conception.
Ming-style furniture, fine craftsmanship and reasonable, all have subtle tenon joint combination of precision parts, large flat-panel Zeyi save method of embedding side of the border tank, solid firm, can adapt to changes in hot and cold wet and dry. The proportion of high and low wide or narrow application of aesthetic as a starting point, or to correct the substandard state of ritual sitting posture. Decorative surface based on prime, local decorated with carved or engraved paint a small area in order to fan lining Jane, instead of frugal and simple, elegant and not harassment to. Henselae and decorative components outline the contours of stress Fang has a round, round and well-used line in a stretch run through the twists and turns and there are small. Male neck and fluent lines of furniture. Furniture, the overall length, width and height, the overall and local, regional and local trade-off ratio is very appropriate. wood floors,wood flooring  ,wood laminate ,wood plank ,hard wood ,wood floor  ,wood ward  ,engineered wood ,wood technology  ,bamboo wood ,smart wood ,wood business ,wood market  ,real wood ,nature wood,teak wood ,oak wood ,wood 2000 ,wood furniture ,no wood ,mahogany wood ,star wood ,cherry wood  ,wood carvings ,buy wood ,walnut wood  ,liberty wood  ,steel wood  ,light wood ,exotic wood ,wood boxes

Qing furniture to the whole modeling process has become increasingly cumbersome, and single-minded pursuit, the Furama expensive, because of harassment to which shape the carving undermine the overall sense of touch is not good. But in private, furniture, still clinging to "Ming-style" program, retains the simple and concise style. According to scholars the study of furniture workers in the Qing Dynasty with the tenon and does not seek the surface decoration; Beijing to re-wax workers, in order to bow hollow, longer than with the swim bladder; be wide lies in carving, sculpture decorative stress. Method of carved and inlaid decoration. Wood carving is divided into lines (yang carved, incised), bas-relief, deep relief, engraved, round sculpture, lacquer carving (tick rhinoceroses, tick red); mosaics are inlaid with mother, wood, stone, bone, bamboo, ivory, jade, enamel, glass and gold-, silver, loaded metal ornaments and so on. Decorative patterns, multi-purpose symbol of luck and more children, more happiness, longevity, to cement-like flowers, figures, birds and so on. Often the role of both components of furniture decoration. If wiping the long side of short, straight cross-file, blind to carving board foot column; or use the word Kyrgyzstan flowers, ancient coin-shaped building blocks to replace the old dwarf short column. In particular, change feet up, in addition to square leg straight, cylindrical legs, legs and outer radius, there are three curved wishful legs, bamboo legs, etc.; the end of the leg or waist or no waist, or add protruding flower-shaped sculpture, The first beast; foot end of a beast claws, hoofs, such as the Beijing sand, leaf-roller, step beads, varus, valgus and gilded copper covers. Changes in waist high and low, and some Canadian fish openings, plus line; side between legs with engraved flowers and so on tooth baffle. Taihe Dian Imperial Palace in Beijing on display tick red Yunlong closet, Shenyang Palace Museum collection of straight-backed chair inlaid with mother-, y numismatica fly pattern square table, red sandalwood Shuqin volume tables, inlaid with mother-dresser, five-screen inlaid with mother-couch, etc., are the essence of the Qing Dynasty furniture. The type of furniture for sitting and lying furniture was straight-backed chair, armchair, chair, chair, armchair, and even chairs, stools, stool, delivery stool, pier, bed, couch, etc.; lean on furniture for a round-table bearing materials, semi-round table, square table, Qin tables, Kang tables, desks, dressing tables, bar a few (case), altar (case), spend a few, tea, etc.; storage of furniture have bogou cabinet, rack lattice, stuffy reed cabinet, bookcases, boxes, etc.; other furniture is also there are seat screen, Wei Ping, lighthouse and so on.
The Qing dynasty experienced a nearly 300-year history, furniture from the inheritance, evolution to the development, shape, materials, technology and other means has formed a unique addition. It is presented as follows